Data structures that a programmer should know

Beginner: Linked List, Stack, Queue, Binary Search Tree.
Intermediate: Heap, Priority Queue, Huffman Tree, Union Find, Tries, Hash Table, Tree Map.
Proficient: Segment Tree, Binary Indexed Tree, Suffix Array, Sparse Table, Lowest Common Ancestor, Range Tree.
Expert: Suffix Automaton, Suffix Tree, Heavy-Light Decomposition, Treap, Aho-Corasick, K-d tree, Link-Cut Tree, Splay Tree, Palindromic Tree, Rope,  Dancing Links, Radix Tree, Dynamic Suffix Array.